Which of the following is a common symtom of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

• A. Systemic lupus erythematosus
• B. Anaphylactic shock
• C. Rheumatoid arthritis
• D. Multiple sclerosis

Answer: (B)

A type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, also known as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, is characterized by the rapid onset of symptoms following exposure to an allergen. This reaction is mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies, which trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils.

Anaphylactic shock is a severe and potentially life-threatening form of type 1 hypersensitivity, marked by symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, rapid drop in blood pressure, and urticaria (hives). This reaction can occur within minutes after exposure to allergens like certain foods, insect stings, or medications. The quick and dramatic nature of these symptoms exemplifies the rapid response typically seen in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.

In contrast, the other options listed are associated with different types of hypersensitivity or immune responses. Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are examples of autoimmune disorders, while multiple sclerosis is a type of type 4 hypersensitivity reaction involving the immune system attacking the nervous system. Therefore, anaphylactic shock is distinctly recognized as a common symptom of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, representing the acute and systemic effects of IgE-mediated inflammation.