Which of the following best describes the role of mast cell mediators during the early phase of an asthma attack?

• A. They cause airway dilation
• B. They stimulate bronchoconstriction
• C. They recruit white blood cells
• D. They decrease mucus production

Answer: (B)

During the early phase of an asthma attack, mast cells play a significant role by releasing various mediators that lead to bronchoconstriction. Mast cells, upon activation by allergens or irritants, release substances such as histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. These mediators contribute to the contraction of the smooth muscles surrounding the airways, resulting in narrowing or constriction of the bronchi, which is a hallmark of an asthma exacerbation.

Bronchoconstriction leads to increased airway resistance, making it difficult for air to flow in and out of the lungs, thus causing symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Understanding the role of mast cell mediators is crucial in recognizing the pathophysiological processes during an asthma attack and forming the basis for therapeutic interventions aimed at managing and alleviating these symptoms.

The other options, while related to various airway responses, do not accurately describe the specific effects of mast cell mediators during the early phase of an asthma attack. For example, airway dilation is not induced by these mediators, nor do they primarily function to decrease mucus production during this phase. Instead, the acute response features increased bronchoconstriction and mucus secretion, contributing to airway