Which intervention is broadly recognized to assist patients with ARDS?

• A. Antibiotic therapy
• B. Mechanical ventilation
• C. Oxygen therapy alone
• D. Physical therapy

Answer: (B)

Mechanical ventilation is a critical intervention in the management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). This condition is characterized by severe inflammation and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane, leading to impaired gas exchange and significant hypoxemia. Patients with ARDS often struggle to maintain adequate oxygenation due to this compromised lung function.

Mechanical ventilation supports the patient's respiratory needs by providing positive pressure to assist with breathing and improving oxygen delivery to the body's tissues. The use of low tidal volume ventilation is particularly important in ARDS management, as it reduces ventilator-induced lung injury and helps to minimize further damage to the already compromised lungs.

While antibiotic therapy may be necessary if an underlying infection contributes to ARDS, it does not directly address the failure of pulmonary function. Oxygen therapy can be useful but generally is not sufficient on its own for patients with significant respiratory distress as seen in ARDS. Physical therapy, although beneficial for overall mobility and recovery, does not directly address the immediate needs related to respiratory support in these patients. Thus, mechanical ventilation stands out as the most recognized and effective intervention in managing ARDS.