What type of pattern is observed in the PFT findings for bronchiectasis?

• A. Restrictive disorder pattern
• B. Obstructive disorder pattern
• C. Normal pattern
• D. Mixed restrictive-obstructive pattern

Answer: (B)

In bronchiectasis, the pulmonary function test (PFT) findings typically show an obstructive disorder pattern. This is characterized by a reduction in the expiratory flow rates, particularly the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), while the total lung capacity (TLC) may remain normal or only mildly affected.

The underlying pathophysiology of bronchiectasis involves the dilation and inflammation of the bronchi, leading to an obstructive process. This results in airway obstruction due to excess mucus production and impaired clearance, which in turn causes difficulty during expiration. As a consequence, patients often experience symptoms such as wheezing, chronic cough, and sputum production, which aligns with the features of an obstructive lung disease.

Normal PFT results would not be expected in bronchiectasis due to the presence of airway damage and functional impairment. Similarly, mixed patterns typically relate to conditions that affect both restrictive and obstructive pathways, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with restrictive lung disease, but bronchiectasis is primarily classified under obstructive disorders due to its specific mechanics and manifestations.