What severe effects can occur with a large increase in CO2 concentration in inspired air?

• A. Nausea and dizziness
• B. LOC, rigidity, convulsions
• C. Muscle weakness
• D. Anxiety attacks

Answer: (B)

A significant increase in CO2 concentration in the inspired air can lead to severe and life-threatening physiological effects primarily due to the resultant hypercapnia (an excess of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream). When CO2 levels rise excessively, it can result in respiratory acidosis, a decrease in blood pH, and subsequent hypoxia (insufficient oxygen reaching body tissues).

The body's response to high CO2 and low oxygen levels can lead to severe disturbances in neurological function. Loss of consciousness (LOC) occurs as the central nervous system becomes impaired due to inadequate oxygen delivery and increased acidity in the blood. Additionally, muscle rigidity and convulsions may arise as the brain struggles to maintain normal function under these altered biochemical conditions, potentially leading to seizures or other forms of convulsive activity.

These severe effects highlight the importance of maintaining proper ventilation and gas exchange to prevent toxic levels of carbon dioxide, emphasizing the potentially critical outcomes of significant CO2 buildup in inspired air.