What is the primary role of the medulla respiratory group?

• A. Control of voluntary breathing
• B. Regulation of heart rate
• C. Control of involuntary breathing
• D. Regulation of blood pressure

Answer: (C)

The primary role of the medulla respiratory group is indeed to control involuntary breathing. This region of the brainstem plays a crucial role in the automatic regulation of respiration without conscious thought. It contains neural centers that generate rhythmic impulses to the respiratory muscles, specifically the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, to facilitate normal breathing patterns.

The medulla respiratory group includes both the ventral respiratory group, which is primarily responsible for the active process of breathing during physical exertion, and the dorsal respiratory group, which is involved in the passive aspects of respiration, such as controlling the rhythm and diameter of airways. By ensuring that breathing occurs smoothly and continuously, the medulla helps maintain appropriate gas exchange in the lungs.

Other options, such as the control of voluntary breathing, while associated with different areas of the brain, do not represent the primary function of the medulla respiratory group. Voluntary control of breathing is primarily managed by the higher brain centers in the cortex. Similarly, regulation of heart rate and blood pressure involve other brain regions, such as the medulla's cardiovascular centers but are not directly linked to the respiratory control that the medulla respiratory group provides.