What is the general term for the collapse of lung tissue?

• A. Atelectasis
• B. Pneumothorax
• C. Empyema
• D. Interstitial lung disease

Answer: (A)

The term for the collapse of lung tissue is atelectasis. Atelectasis occurs when the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, become deflated or filled with fluid, leading to a reduction in gas exchange in the affected area of the lung. This can happen for several reasons, including obstruction of the airways, lack of surfactant, or compression from outside the lung.

Understanding the characteristics of atelectasis is key to recognizing its implications for respiratory function. The condition can lead to decreased oxygenation because the collapsed alveoli cannot participate in gas exchange, which may result in hypoxemia. Additionally, atelectasis may be seen in various clinical scenarios, such as post-surgery, in individuals with restricted mobility, or in patients with certain lung diseases.

In contrast, pneumothorax refers to air in the pleural space, which can cause a different form of collapse related to pressure changes. Empyema involves accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity due to infection, and interstitial lung disease refers to a group of disorders affecting the interstitium of the lung tissue, leading to inflammation and scarring but not specifically to lung collapse. Each of these conditions presents unique challenges and treatments, distinguishing them from the