What is the function of expectorants?

• A. Increase airflow through the bronchi
• B. Loosen bronchial secretions for easier elimination
• C. Stimulate the cough reflex
• D. Decrease mucus production

Answer: (B)

Expectorants are pharmacological agents that facilitate the clearance of mucus from the airways by decreasing the viscosity of mucus. This reduction in viscosity allows for easier expulsion of bronchial secretions during coughing, thus improving respiratory function. When respiratory tract secretions are more easily cleared, there can be a better airflow and reduced obstruction, leading to improved breathing efficiency and comfort for the patient.

In the context of expectorants, their primary role is to enhance the body's ability to clear mucus rather than increasing airflow directly, stimulating the cough reflex, or reducing mucus production. While other options may relate to broader respiratory management, loosening bronchial secretions is the hallmark function of expectorants, which is critical in conditions characterized by excessive mucus production.