What is a common result of prolonged airway obstruction in asthma?

• A. Improved lung compliance
• B. Increased airway resistance
• C. Decreased lung volume
• D. Normalization of FEV1

Answer: (B)

Prolonged airway obstruction in asthma leads to increased airway resistance, which is a fundamental concept in understanding the pathophysiology of the condition. In asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrowed due to factors such as bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, and edema. As a result, air has a more difficult time flowing through the narrowed passages, leading to increased resistance during both inhalation and exhalation.

This altered airflow dynamics significantly affects pulmonary function. In particular, when airways are obstructed over time, it can lead to air trapping and hyperinflation, further contributing to increased resistance. Patients may experience symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, particularly during physical activity or at night.

Other outcomes related to airway obstruction include potential reductions in overall lung function, but simply put, the hallmark of prolonged obstruction in asthma is the increase in airway resistance. This parameter is crucial for understanding the severity of an asthma exacerbation and for guiding treatment options.