What does sarcoidosis involve?

• A. Cyst formation in the lungs
• B. Chronic inflammation leading to granulomas
• C. Obstruction of airways
• D. Excessive bronchospasm

Answer: (B)

Sarcoidosis is characterized by chronic inflammation that leads to the formation of granulomas, which are small clusters of immune cells. These granulomas can develop in various organs, but they are most commonly found in the lungs. The presence of these granulomas is a key pathological feature of sarcoidosis and plays a significant role in the disease's clinical manifestations. This process results in the disruption of normal lung tissue and functionality, potentially leading to pulmonary symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and chest pain.

The other options do not accurately describe the nature of sarcoidosis. For example, cyst formation in the lungs is not a typical characteristic of sarcoidosis; instead, the disease is associated with granulomatous infiltration. Similarly, while airway obstruction can occur in some lung conditions, it is not a primary feature of sarcoidosis. Excessive bronchospasm is more commonly associated with conditions like asthma rather than the granulomatous inflammation seen in sarcoidosis. Thus, the defining aspect of sarcoidosis is undoubtedly the chronic inflammation that leads to the formation of granulomas.