In chronic inflammation of the lungs, elastase levels exceed which protein's ability to protect?

• A. Gamma globulin
• B. Alpha-1 antitrypsin
• C. C-reactive protein
• D. Immunoglobulin E

Answer: (B)

In cases of chronic inflammation in the lungs, an important aspect is the imbalance between proteolytic enzymes, such as elastase, and their inhibitors. Alpha-1 antitrypsin is a key protein that protects lung tissue from damage caused by elastase, an enzyme that breaks down elastin and other proteins in the extracellular matrix.

When elastase levels exceed the protective capacity of alpha-1 antitrypsin, it can lead to excessive degradation of elastin in the lungs, contributing to conditions like emphysema. Chronic inflammation can overwhelm the body's protective mechanisms, causing structural changes in lung tissue and impaired lung function over time.

The other proteins listed do not play the same specific protective role against elastase. Gamma globulin encompasses a variety of antibodies, but it is not directly involved in inhibiting elastase. C-reactive protein is a marker of inflammation and does not have a role in protease inhibition. Immunoglobulin E is primarily associated with allergic responses and does not protect lung tissue from the action of elastase. Therefore, the identification of alpha-1 antitrypsin as the crucial protective protein against elastase in chronic lung inflammation illustrates the importance of maintaining this balance in preventing lung damage.