In a healthy individual, what is the optimal ratio being measured between ACE II and ACE?

• A. ACE/ACE II
• B. Angiotensin/ACE
• C. ACE II/ACE
• D. Renin/Angiotensin

Answer: (C)

In a healthy individual, the optimal measurement between ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) and ACE II refers specifically to the ratio of ACE II to ACE. This ratio is important as it reflects the balance between the two forms of the enzyme, which play distinct roles in the renin-angiotensin system.

ACE primarily converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor that raises blood pressure and affects fluid balance. Conversely, ACE II has a critical function in counteracting the actions of ACE by converting angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7), which has vasodilatory effects and promotes natriuresis, thereby lowering blood pressure and counterbalancing the effects of angiotensin II.

In the context of pulmonary pathophysiology, this ratio can indicate how the body regulates blood pressure and fluid dynamics, and an imbalance could be associated with various pulmonary and cardiovascular conditions. A higher ACE II to ACE ratio is generally indicative of a healthier state in terms of vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects.

Thus, recognizing the importance of ACE II relative to ACE is vital for understanding the regulation of cardiovascular and pulmonary functions, and this underscores the significance of maintaining an optimal ACE II/