Cor pulmonale refers to which condition in the heart?

• A. Left ventricular hypertrophy
• B. Right ventricular hypertrophy
• C. Arrhythmia
• D. Heart failure due to volume overload

Answer: (B)

Cor pulmonale specifically refers to right ventricular hypertrophy and failure that occurs as a result of chronic lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. The term originates from the Latin words for "heart" (cor) and "lung" (pulmonale), indicating a direct connection between respiratory issues and heart function.

In conditions where there is prolonged low oxygen levels in the blood, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the pulmonary arteries can constrict, leading to increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. This heightened pressure puts extra strain on the right ventricle as it works harder to pump blood into the lungs. Over time, this increased workload causes the right ventricle to enlarge and strengthen, which characterizes right ventricular hypertrophy.

Understanding this connection between respiratory conditions and cardiac function is essential for diagnosing and managing patients with cor pulmonale, emphasizing the interplay between the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems in chronic lung disease.